ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To describe the temporal trend of notifications of physical, sexual and emotional violence and neglect against children in Brazil between 2011 and 2019. Methods This was an ecological time-series study based on notifications of violence against children aged 0-9 years held on the Brazilian Notifiable Health Conditions Information System. Age-adjusted notification rates were calculated for Brazil as a whole, by national macro-region and by sex. Trends were assessed using Joinpoint Regression. Results We analyzed 88,820 notifications of physical violence, 87,141 notifications of sexual violence, 52,359 notifications of emotional violence and 166,664 notifications of neglect. A rising trend was identified for notifications of physical, sexual and emotional violence and neglect for Brazil as a whole and for both sexes. Neglect accounted for the highest rate (95.24 notifications per 100,000 children in 2019). The Northeast and Southeast macro-regions had rising trends for all forms of violence. Conclusion Notifications of physical, sexual and emotional violence and neglect showed rising trends in Brazil in the period studied.
RESUMEN Objetivo Describir la tendencia temporal de notificaciones de violencia física, sexual, psicológica y negligencia practicada contra niños en Brasil entre 2011 y 2019. Métodos Estudio ecológico de series temporales de notificaciones registradas en el Sistema de Información de Agravamientos de Notificación contra niños (0-9 años). Se calcularon las tasas de notificación ajustadas por edad para Brasil por macrorregión y sexo. Se analizó la tendencia mediante regresión joinpoint. Resultados Se incluyeron 88.820 notificaciones de violencia física, 87.141 de violencia sexual, 52.359 de violencia psicológica y 166.664 de negligencia. Se identificó una tendencia ascendente de las notificaciones de violencia física, sexual y psicológica y de negligencia para Brasil y para ambos sexos. La negligencia tuvo la tasa más alta (95,24 notificaciones por 100.000 en 2019).Noreste y Sureste presentaron tendencia creciente en todos los tipos de violencia. Conclusión Las notificaciones de violencia contra los niños mostraron tendencia creciente entre 2011 y 2019 en Brasil.
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a tendência temporal das notificações de violência física, violência sexual, violência psicológica e negligência praticadas contra crianças no Brasil, entre 2011 e 2019. Métodos Estudo ecológico de série temporal, sobre notificações de violência contra crianças de 0 a 9 anos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Taxas de notificação ajustadas por idade foram calculadas para Brasil, macrorregiões nacionais e sexo. Analisou-se a tendência das taxas por regressão joinpoint. Resultados Foram analisadas 88.820 notificações de violência física, 87.141 de violência sexual, 52.359 de violência psicológica e 166.664 notificações de negligência. Identificouse tendência crescente de notificações de violência física, sexual, psicológica e negligência, para o Brasil e ambos os sexos. Negligência apresentou a maior taxa [95,24 notificações/100 mil crianças (2019)]. Nordeste e Sudeste apresentaram tendência crescente para todas as violências. Conclusão Notificações de violência física, sexual, psicológica e negligência contra crianças apresentaram tendência crescente no Brasil, no período.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre el maltrato en la infancia y el consumo de drogas en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional, transversal; mediante el muestreo aleatorio estratificado, se seleccionaron a los adolescentes de preparatoria. Se aplicó una cédula de datos personales, el Cuestionario de Maltrato en la Infancia, Test de Identificación de los Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol, validados y utilizados en población mexicana, en investigaciones previas. Este estudio se apegó al Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en materia de investigación para la salud. Resultados: Participaron 239 adolescentes de una preparatoria pública, las edades oscilaron entre los 15 a 19 años (M = 16.41; DE= 1.04), las mujeres predominaron con 54.5%. En la variable de maltrato en la infancia y subescalas por sexo se encontró diferencia significativa en la subescala de abuso físico mostrando que los hombres (Mdn=7.00/ M=8.11, DE=3.08) presentaron mayor puntaje de abuso físico en comparación con las mujeres (Mdn=7.00/ M=7.28, DE=2.64) con una U=5760.0, p<0.032. Al correlacionar las variables de maltrato en la infancia y consumo de drogas, se encontró una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa del número de drogas con el total AUDIT, el consumo sensato y dañino con el puntaje total de maltrato y las subescalas de abuso sexual, negligencia emocional y negligencia física. Conclusiones: Los hombres presentaron mayor abuso físico. En la relación entre las variables de estudio se encontró que el maltrato en la infancia, se relacionó con el consumo de alcohol dañino y con el número de drogas consumidas.
Abstract Objective: To know the relationship between abuse in childhood and drug use in adolescents. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study; Using stratified random sampling, high school adolescents were selected. A personal data card, the Child Abuse Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test were applied, validated and used in the Mexican population, in previous investigations. This study adhered to the Regulations of the General Health Law regarding health research20. Results: 239 adolescents from a public high school participated, the ages ranged from 15 to 19 years (M = 16.41; SD = 1.04), women predominated with 54.5%. In the variable of abuse in childhood and subscales by sex, a significant difference was found in the physical abuse subscale, showing that men (Mdn = 7.00/M = 8.11, SD = 3.08) had a higher physical abuse score compared to women. (Mdn = 7.00/M = 7.28, SD = 2.64) with a U = 5760.0, p <0.032. When correlating the variables of abuse in childhood and drug use, a positive and statistically significant correlation of the number of drugs with the total AUDIT, the sensible and harmful consumption with the total score of abuse and subscales of sexual abuse, emotional neglect and neglect physical. Conclusions: Men presented more physical abuse. In the relationship between the study variables, it was found that abuse in childhood was related to the consumption of harmful alcohol and the number of drugs consumed.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the latent categories of child security and analyze domain-specific roles of child neglect on security among children aged 10-13 years.Methods:From October to December 2019, the security questionnaire (SQ), child neglect scale (CNS) and Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire (BPAQ) were used to investigate 577 children aged 10-13 years. Mplus 7.0 software was used for latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the latent categories of child security. SPSS 22.0 software was used for multinomial Logistic regression to examine the effects of different domains of child neglect on the child security categories.Results:(1) Child security was divided into three categories named "medium-slightly low-security subgroup (48.9%)" , "high-security subgroup (31.8%)" , and "inability control subgroup (19.3%)" (entropy = 0.90, Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood, and Bootstrapped likelihood ratio test, all P<0.01). (2) Child security(35.06±6.08, 51.49±4.99, 69.67±6.13, F=1 378.09, P<0.01), neglect(71.09±20.58, 59.96±12.90, 50.76±9.27, F=74.50, P<0.01), and aggression(54.31±15.23, 46.44±12.46, 34.19±12.61, F=90.95, P<0.01) were significantly different among the "medium-slightly low-security subgroup" , "high-security subgroup" , and "inability control subgroup" . (3)Compared with "high-security subgroup" , the proportion of children with poor parental relationship and low paternal education level were higher in the other two subgroups(all P<0.05), while the proportion of children in the fifth grade were lower(all P<0.05). (4)In " inability control subgroup" , safe neglect had no impact on security( B=0.01, OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.91-1.13, P>0.05), while physical neglect ( B=0.13, OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.01-1.28), affection neglect( B=0.14, OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.07-1.23), and communication neglect( B=0.15, OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.03-1.30) predicted the "inability control subgroup" (all P<0.05). Only communication neglect predicted the "medium-slightly low-security subgroup" ( B=0.16, OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.07-1.28, P<0.01). Conclusion:Security is heterogenous with three latent categories among Children aged 10-13 years. Child neglect plays domain-specific roles in different child security categories.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore whether life satisfaction has a mediating effect between child neglect and middle school student’ problematic mobile phone use.Methods:Totally 1 692 middle school students from four middle schools of Xiamen in June 2020 were selected by cluster stratified sampling.The self-rating questionnaire for adolescent problematic mobile phone use (SQAPMPU), child neglect scale (CNS) and quality of life scale for children and adolescents (QLSCA) were used for the survey. SPSS 23.0 software was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and the mediating effect analysis.Results:The scores of CNS, QLSCA and SQAPMPU were (24.45±14.28), (134.44±19.34), (23.20±8.94)respectively.And the detection rate of problematic mobile phone use was 23.6%. There were significant differences in the scores of SQAPMPU scale in different grades, father's education degrees, mother's education degrees and monthly pocket money(all P<0.05). In SQAPMPU, high school students scored significantly higher than junior school students( t=-2.403, P=0.016), adolescents with undergrate education of their father and mother scored the lowest( F=3.411, P=0.017; F=2.729, P=0.043), adolescents with monthly pocket money of "500-1 000" and "1 000-2 000" scored significantly higher than those with monthly pocket money of "under 500". The total scores and sub scores of child neglect were significantly positively correlated with the total scores and sub scores of problematic mobile phone use ( r=0.177-0.360, all P<0.05). The total scores and sub scores of life satisfaction were significantly negative correlated with the total scores and sub scores of problematic mobile phone use ( r==-0.508--0.250, all P<0.05). Child neglect had a positive predictive effect on problematic mobile phone use ( t=15.598, R2=0.130, P<0.05), but had a negative predictive effect on life satisfaction ( t=-27.798, R2=0.321, P<0.05). There were the part intermediary role of life satisfaction between child neglect and problematic mobile phone use( t=-13.937, R2=0.222, P<0.05), and the mediating effect accounted for 58.29% of the total effect. Conclusion:The neglected experience in childhood of adolescents not only can directly affect problematic mobile phone use, but also can affect the problematic mobile phone use by affecting life satisfaction.
ABSTRACT
Introduction Dental erosion is defined as a non-carious lesionhaving superficial tooth loss initiated by a chemical processeither intrinsic or extrinsic, without involvement of bacteria.The incentive of this study was to assess and compare dentalerosion associated with the intake of carbonated drinks amongdental students; day scholars and hostel residents of theUniversity College of dentistry, Lahore.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive studywas carried out on 183 dental students. Dental erosion wasestimated using the index of Basic Erosive Wear Examination(BEWE).Results: 31.6% hostel residents and 11.2% day scholarsconsumed carbonated drinks multiple times daily. Highererosion index values were seen in hostel residents than dayscholars. 48.6% was the prevalence of dental erosion amongthe study participants.Conclusion: Hostel residents consume more carbonateddrinks than day scholars. Erosion of teeth by carbonated drinksis influenced by the frequency, quantity, type, carbonateddrinks temperature and persons drinking habits.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the specific types of childhood trauma and their relationship to treatment-related issues in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study examined trauma experiences and treatment-related variables in outpatients with MDD at a psychiatric department of a university hospital in Korea.METHODS: First, 75 outpatients with MDD were compared to medical outpatients without MDD matched by age, sex, income, and educational qualifications. Both groups completed the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised, which assesses comprehensive life events. Second, treatment-related variables and medication compliance measured by the Compliance Rating Scale were investigated for the two-year period after the initial assessment.RESULTS: The MDD group had experienced a significantly higher number of lifetime traumas than the control group (p=0.003), including more frequent witnessing of family violence (p<0.001), adulthood physical assault by a family member (p<0.001), and childhood emotional abuse (CEA) (p<0.001). CEA was associated with early onset of the first depressive episode and premature termination of pharmacotherapy; childhood physical neglect was associated with premature termination and less time in therapy.CONCLUSION: Our findings support the important influence of childhood emotional trauma and its relationship to treatment retention.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Child Abuse , Compliance , Depressive Disorder, Major , Domestic Violence , Drug Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Korea , Medication Adherence , Outpatients , Patient DropoutsABSTRACT
A negligência é um problema social complexo, com graves consequências para o cumprimento das necessidades de uma criança, pelos adultos que compõem a família da criança e da rede social; não somente pais, mas outros adultos que entram em contato com a criança (incluindo profissionais). Pela complexidade das relações sociais envolvidas, os sistemas de proteção da criança têm dificuldade de identificar e criar programas de atendimento. Na verdade, eles apresentam uma tendência a concentrar-se sobre as deficiências dos pais em relação à sua responsabilidade para com os seus filhos. Este artigo descreve a fundamentação teórica de um modelo ecossistêmico e de desenvolvimento que tem como base os serviços integrados de negligência infantil em Québec, no Canadá. Também descreve os componentes e atividades que visam a operacionalizar esse modelo ecossistêmico e o modelo de desenvolvimento de negligência infantil.
Child neglect is a complex social problem with serious consequences to the fulfillment of a child's needs, provided by adults who are the members of the child's family, and the social network; not only parents, but other adults who interrelate with the child (including professionals). Due to the complexity of the social relations involved, it is hard for child protection systems to design and develop assistance programs. In fact, they have a tendency to concentrate on parents' deficiencies concerning their responsibility for their children. This article describes the theoretical foundation of an ecosystemic and developmental model which is based on the integrated services dealing with child neglect in Quebec, Canada. It also describes the components and activities that aim to operationalize this ecosystemic and developmental model approaching child neglect.
La negligencia es un problema social complejo con graves consecuencias para el cumplimiento de las necesidades de un niño por parte de los adultos en la familia inmediata del niño y de la red social - no sólo padres, sino también otros adultos que están en contacto con el niño (incluyendo los profesionales). Por la complejidad de las relaciones sociales implicadas, los sistemas de protección de los niños tienen dificultades para identificar y crear programas de atención. De hecho, tienen una tendencia a concentrarse en las deficiencias de los padres con respecto a su responsabilidad con sus hijos. En este artículo se describe el fundamento teórico de un modelo ecosistémico y de desarrollo que constituye la base de los servicios integrados de negligencia infantil en Quebec, Canadá. También se describen los componentes y actividades que tienen como objetivo poner en práctica este modelo ecosistémico y el modelo de desarrollo de negligencia infantil.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Parent-Child Relations , Child Care , Child DevelopmentABSTRACT
Child abuse is a sensitive topic among many medical practitioners and the diagnosis of this entity requires awareness about conditions which can mimic physical child abuse. Here, the authors present a case of a 13-year-old school non-attendee who was referred due to multiple scars, over areas prone to accidental as well as non-accidental injury, who underwent medicolegal examination due to suspicion of physical child abuse. On further inquiry, it was discovered that she had easy bruising and poor wound healing. A diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was established and physical child abuse was excluded. This case emphasizes the importance of identifying conditions which may confound the diagnosis of physical child abuse. This is of utmost importance in avoiding adverse legal and psycho-social implications on the child, family and society.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Cicatrix/diagnosis , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/diagnosisABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou descrever a utilização do Child Neglect Index para identificar casos de crianças negligenciadas por seus pais/cuidadores no contexto brasileiro. Após adaptação inicial à realidade sociocultural brasileira, o instrumento foi aplicado em três grupos de indivíduos, cada qual com 30 díades de crianças/pais, totalizando 90 díades (n=180), assim compostos: G1 (primeiro grupo) = casos oficialmente notificados por negligência infantil; G2 (segundo grupo) = casos suspeitos de negligência não notificados; G3 (terceiro grupo) = casos sem suspeita de negligência ou outra forma de maus-tratos (grupo de comparação); além de um quarto grupo de professoras dessas crianças (n=11). Os resultados apontaram altos escores no índice de negligência em G1 e G2, e baixos escores em G3, sugerindo presença de indicadores de falta de supervisão parental referentes a cuidados com alimentação, vestimenta, higiene, saúde física, saúde mental e educação nos dois primeiros grupos avaliados, comparativamente às crianças sem suspeita de maus-tratos. Os atuais achados empíricos, embora preliminares em termos de adaptação do Child Neglect Index ao contexto do Brasil, foram promissores ao sinalizar potencial do instrumento como recurso para detecção/confirmação da negligência infantil, estimulando novas investigações e aprimoramento desse recurso técnico para favorecer adequada identificação e intervenção nesses casos.
This study describes the use of Child Neglect Index to identify cases of children neglected by their parents/caregivers in the Brazilian context. After initial adaptation to the Brazilian sociocultural reality, the instrument was applied in three different groups. Each group is composed of 30 dyads of children/parents, totaling 90 dyads of participants (n=180). They are: G1 (first group) = officially reported cases of child neglect; G2 (second group) = suspected cases of neglect, but not notified; G3 (third group) = unsuspected cases of neglect or otherwise abuse (comparison group). There is also a fourth group composed of the children's teachers (n=11). The results showed high scores on the index of neglect in G1 and G2, but low scores in G3, suggesting the presence of indicators of lack of parental supervision regarding the care of food, clothing, hygiene, physical health, mental health and education in the first two groups evaluated when compared to no suspicion of child maltreatment. The current empirical findings, although preliminary in terms of adaptation of Child Neglect Index to the Brazilian context, were promising to signal the potential of the instrument as a resource for detection/confirmation of child neglect. It stimulates further research and improvements in this technical resource to facilitate proper identification and intervention in these cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Child Abuse/psychology , Psychometrics , Parents/psychology , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo study the current status of child neglect and its inlfuencing factors in children aged 3-6 years in rural Henan.MethodsScales and evaluation methods in the Chinese rural child aged 3-6 years neglected eval-uation model were applied in this study. The neglect rate and the neglect degree were used to describe the neglect status of rural children aged 3-6 years in Henan. The inlfuencing factors for child neglect were also analyzed. ResultsThe total neglect rate in 450 enrolled children was 37.1% (167/450). The total neglect degree was 51.9±6.5. The boys had signiifcant-ly higher neglect rate than girls (P0.05). There were significant differences in neglect rate and neglect degree among the different age groups (P<0.05), the higher neglect rate and higher neglect degree over age. The neglect rate and neglect degree in nuclear families and fam-ilies with three generations were lower than those in single-parent families and remarried families (P<0.05). The neglect rate and neglect degree in non-only children were higher than those in only children (P<0.05). The left-behind children had signiifcantly higher neglect rate and neglect degree than children living with parents (P<0.05). Based on multivariate logis-tic regression analysis, the risk factors of child neglect were single-parent families (OR = 4.78, 95%CI : 2.10-10.87) and remarried families (OR=4.53, 95%CI : 1.99-10.01). The protective factors of child neglect were parents working on sci-ence (OR = 0.20, 95%CI : 0.10-0.67) and living with parents (OR = 0.03, 95%CI : 0.00-0.54).ConclusionsThe neglect status is serious in Henan rural children, particularly in left-behind children.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate and analyze the situation of urban neglected children aged 3 to 6 in 9 districts of Chongqing .Methods Totally 1 316 children were randomly sampled under stratification from 18 streets of 9 district of Chongqing . Based on the Child Neglect Norms used by China ,prevalence of child neglect was identified and SPSS 13 .0 was employed for statis‐tical analysis .Scores ,frequency/degrees ,age ,sex and 5 types (physical ,emotional ,educational ,safety and medical) of child neglect on every group of the regions were calculated .Results The average prevalence of child neglect for the 3 to 6 year‐olds was 22 .95% ,and the total degree was 39 .56 ± 7 .19 .No significant differences were found in the prevalence and degree of child neglect between males and females and among age groups (P<0 .05) .The frequencies of child neglect for the five types were 5 .09% to 10 .64% ,with the higher frequencies of safety neglect (10 .64% ) and physical neglect (9 .50% ) .The degrees of child neglect for the five types were 36 .94 to 41 .24 ,with the higher degrees of educational neglect and physical neglect (41 .24 ± 10 .43 ,39 .81 ± 9 .32 respectively ) .No significant differences were found in the frequency of the types between males and females and among age groups . No significant differences were found in the degree of the types (with an exception on emotional neglect among age groups) between males and females and among age groups .The children aged 3 to 6 were mainly involved in single item of negligence ,with incidence rates as 13 .68% and proportions as 59 .60% .Conclusion The frequency and degree of child neglect among children aged 3 to 6 in the urban areas of 9 district of Chongqing were medium ,and similar between males and females and among age groups ,except the degree of emotional neglect .The children aged 3 to 6 had the higher frequencies of safety and physical neglect ,and the higher de‐grees of educational and physical neglect .The children aged 3 to 6 were mainly involved in single item of negligence .
ABSTRACT
El maltrato infantil es una patología de la cual se tienen registros desde las civilizaciones antiguas como la griega y egipcia; pero es hasta 1924 que se firma la declaración de Ginebra: Derechos de la infancia, siendo el IX derecho: No al Maltrato. En México se tiene registro de maltrato infantil desde hace 20 años. Se ha tipificado el maltrato infantil en dos grandes rubros: activo y pasivo, la negligencia odontológica es clasificado como maltrato pasivo, por lo tanto el odontólogo (en especial el Odontopediatra) debe prestar atención al hacer la inspección clínica y elaboración de historia clínica del paciente, para encontrar indicios de maltrato infantil y llevar a cabo la atención de estos pacientes con adecuado manejo de su conducta, la cual puede ser variable dependiendo el tipo de maltrato que ha sufrido. Las consecuencias del maltrato en cavidad oral son múltiples y pueden manifestarse a corto, largo y mediano plazo. En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de maltrato por abandono, negligencia odontológica y las consecuencias que éste tuvo en la salud oral y general de la paciente.
Child abuse is a disease for which there are records from ancient civilizations like the Greek and Egyptian, but until 1924 when the Geneva Declaration was signed: Children's rights: No to Abuse. In Mexico records of child abuse have been kept for the last 20 years. It has classified child abuse into two major categories: active and passive, dental malpractice liability is classified as child abuse therefore the dentist (especially the pediatric dentist) should pay attention to realize a clinical inspection and preparation of patient history, for signs of child abuse, and carry out the care of these patients with adequate management of their behavior, which can vary depending on the type of abuse the child has suffered. The consequences of abuse in oral cavity are multiple and can occur at short, medium and long term. This article presents a case of abuse by dental neglect and the consequences that this has on oral health, and therefore on the general health of the patient.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Stomatognathic Diseases/etiology , Stomatognathic Diseases/therapy , Child Abuse , Oral Health , Pediatric Dentistry , Dental Caries , GingivitisABSTRACT
A 9-year-old Korean boy with lissencephaly was found dead at home. He had previously been diagnosed with lissencephaly that presented with infantile spasm on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram results. Antemortem chromosomal banding revealed a normal karyotype. A legal autopsy was requested to eliminate the possibility of neglect or abuse by his parents. The autopsy findings revealed type I lissencephaly with the associated microcephaly. No external wounds or decubitus ulcers were noted. Postmortem fluorescence in situ hybridization for the LIS1 locus and nucleotide sequence analysis of the whole coding regions of the LIS1 gene did not reveal any deletions. The antemortem and postmortem findings revealed that lissencephaly syndrome was associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence. External causes of death were excluded by the full autopsy and toxicology test results. Because patients with mental retardation are frequently victimized and suffer neglect or abuse, thorough external and internal examinations should be conducted at the time of autopsy.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Autopsy , Base Sequence , Cause of Death , Child Abuse , Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias , Clinical Coding , Electroencephalography , Fluorescence , Forensic Pathology , In Situ Hybridization , Intellectual Disability , Karyotype , Lissencephaly , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Microcephaly , Parents , Pressure Ulcer , Spasms, Infantile , ToxicologyABSTRACT
Introduction: In Brazil, dentists have a legal, moral, and ethical obligation to notify competent authorities of suspected cases of maltreatment. Studies conducted in several countries reported the difficulties of dentists in the diagnosis, documentation, and reporting of suspected abuse cases to authorities. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the perception, diagnosis and attitudes of Brazilian endodontists towards child abuse. Material and methods: Data were collected from 56 questionnaires, considering a total of 248 sent by mail (response rate = 23%) to the endodontists (female = 73%). Results: Forty-one percent (n = 23) of the professionals answered that they were able to identify cases of abuse, while 59% (n = 33) answered that they were unable. Considering their graduation years, 93% (n = 52) stated that they had received little information on this issue, and only 5% (n = 3) attended seminars on this subject during the year before the questionnaire's application. Although 61% (n = 34) of the professionals affirmed that suspicious cases must be reported, only 30% (n = 17) knew to whom. Eighteen percent (n = 10) of the endodontists reported they had already treated suspicious cases, although only 3.5% (n = 2) reported the case to the authorities. The most cited signs of abuse were: body bruises (48%; n = 27), change in behavior (48%; n = 27) and burn marks (12.5%; n = 7). Lesions presented in the face, mouth, and teeth were reported by 27% (n = 15) of the professionals. There were no statistically differences regarding the number of notifications in relation to either the number of years since graduation or the workplace. Conclusion: It was concluded that it is necessary to improve endodontists' formation concerning to child abuse identification, in order to modify their behavior, therefore, increasing the number of suspicious cases' notifications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop the National Norms of Negligence (NNN) for rural children aged 0 to 35 months.Methods According to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling principle,10 provinces or municipalities (Jilin,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Beijing,Anhui,Jiangsu,Hunan,Hubei,Yunnan,Chongqing) in China were selected.A national research group was formed collaboratively.A questionnaire was designed by ourselves.According to several statistical analysis methods,such as item,factor and reliability analysis etc.we determined the norm.The evaluation criteria of the scale were determined by percentile method.Finally,the reliability and validity of the norm were evaluated.Results In total,2310 children were surveyed,in which the effective sample were 2227,with an effective rate as 96.4％.The scale consisted of 6 neglected dimensions and 65 items in total.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.903,with the split-half reliability coefficient as 0.829,the parallel reliability as 0.720 and the re-test reliability as 0.678,respectively.The total neglect cut-off score of this scale was 139.Conclusion The scale seemed to have perfect stability and reliability and all the statistical indicators met the psychometric demands.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate and analyze the situation of urban and rural neglected children aged 3-6,in China,so as to provide basis for the analysis and comparison on relevant risk factors.Methods 1163 urban children aged 3-6 (with 49.6％ males and 4.5％ with minority ethnicity) were investigated from 25 cities of 14 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in the whole country.Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used.Again,using the same sampling method,4096 rural children (of whom 50.6％ were males with 6.2％ as minorities) were chosen from 26 cities of 10 provinces or municipalities.Identification of children being neglected was based on “Child Neglect Evaluation Norms of Children Aged 3-6 Years in Urban/Rural China”.SPSS-Windows 13.0 was employed for data analysis.Scores,frequency/degrees,age,sex and types (physical,emotional,educational,safety,medical and social) of children under negligence on every group of the regions,were calculated.x2 test (Chi-Square) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were processed to determine the significance of their differences.Results The overall frequencies of negligence were 28.0％ and 53.7％ respectively among the urban and rural children aged 3-6,while the total degrees of negligence were 42.2 and 44.4 respectively.Significant difference was found between children from the urban and the rural areas (P＜0.05).Significant difference was also found between urban and rural children on every age group (P＜0.05).The frequencies of negligence among males were 32.6％ and 55.9％ respectively in urban and rural areas while among females,the figures appeared to be 23.7％ and 51.6％ respectively.The degrees of negligence were 42.7 and 44.6 among male while 41.8 and 44.3 among female children,in the urban or rural areas.Significant differences were found on male or female between urban and rural groups (P＜0.05).Frequencies of negligence in urban children aged 3-6 for the six types were from 5.1％ to 12.9％,with the frequency in rural areas as 13.1％-26.6％.Significant difference was found between urban and rural group for any other type (P＜0.05),in addition to the safety type.The degrees of negligence in urban children aged 3-6 for the different type were between 39.4 and 43.4,while in the rural areas as from 36.5 to 48.2,with significant difference for every type (P＜0.05).The degrees of negligence related to education,emotion,or physical strength were more serious on children from the urban than from the rural areas.The highest frequency of child negligence was seen in the single-parent families on both urban and rural groups (42.9％ and 60.0％ respectively),with no significant difference found (P＞0.05).The urban and rural children aged 3-6 were mainly involved in single item of negligence,with incidence rates as 16.5％ and 22.7％ and proportions as 58.9％ and 45.1％ respectively,despite the factors as age or sex.Conclusion There were large differences on the situation of negligence between the urban and rural children aged 3-6.The frequencies and degrees of negligence in every age group and different sex for children living in the rural areas were higher than those urban children.The frequency of negligence among boys was higher than girls for both urban and rural areas.The rural children had suffered more serious negligence than the urban children at any other type,in addition to the ‘ safety'.Both urban and rural children had the highest frequency of negligence in single-parent family,and were mainly suffered from single item of negligence.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To promote awareness and efforts by in-hospital child abuse center to identity and prevent child abuse by investigation of victim and types of injury caused by child abuse. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed with 51 patients who had been diagnosed or suspected as child abuse at Shiny kid child abuse center in Soonchunhyang Gumi Hospital from January 2008 to December 2011. The medical records, radiologic documents, and social worker's notes were reviewed to investigate age, sex, type of abuse, perpetrator, type of injury, final diagnosis, and follow-up success rate. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 7 years old. Twenty-one patients were between 1 and 6 years old, 14 patients between 7 and 12 years old, 12 patients over 13 years old, and 4 cases less than 1 year old. The sex distribution was 47% (n=24) of male and 53% (n=27) of female. Thirty-five percentage of these patients reported with mixed abuse, 40% neglect, 29% physical abuse, 18% emotional abuse, 10.3% abandonment, and 2.5% sexual abuse, respectively. Twelve cases (23.5%) of them were found out the Routine health checkup. Bleeding and bruising (17.6%) were the second. Contusion and laceration were diagnosed in 9 cases, failure to thrive in 8 cases, tension headache in 5 cases, irritable bowel syndrome in 4 cases, sepsis of newborn in 4 cases, nephrotic syndrome in 3 cases, chronic otitis externa and media in 3 cases, mental retardation in 2 cases, congenital brain anomaly in 2 cases, major depression in 2 cases, pulmonary tuberculosis in 2 cases, diabetes mellitus in 1 case, and others in 6 cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: In-hospital child care team may experience the different proportion of abuse types and patterns by conducting a nation-wide survey of child abuse cases.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Brain , Child Abuse , Child Care , Contusions , Depression , Diabetes Mellitus , Failure to Thrive , Follow-Up Studies , Hemorrhage , Intellectual Disability , Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Lacerations , Medical Records , Nephrotic Syndrome , Otitis Externa , Retrospective Studies , Sepsis , Sex Distribution , Sex Offenses , Tension-Type Headache , Tuberculosis, PulmonaryABSTRACT
This paper presents a case of an emotionally deprived child with some evidence of child neglect resulting from separation of parents (maternal deprivation). It also further confirms the long recognized fact that the most successful treatment of growth failure and weight loss due to psychosocial deprivation is restoration of a normal social environment. In particular, it highlights the need for a high index of suspicion and awareness on the part of medical personnel with regard to emotional disorders in children.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the status and influential factors of those neglect of left-behind children in rural area,and to provide bases for the development of intervention measures.Methods 2917 students were selected as the study subjects from Changfeng county of Anhui province with cluster sampling method and were evaluated by a Parents-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and questionnaire on influential factors.Results 1694 left-behind children,accounted for 58.1％ of the total students,were surveyed in this investigation.The prevalence rates of neglect,among total children,left-behind children,non-left-behind children were 67.4％,70.2％,63.5％,respectively.The prevalence of neglect among left-behind children was higher than that among non-left-behind children (x2=14.322,P＜0.000).There were no significant associations with the neglect rate of left-behind children regarding gender or age differences.Result from multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the neglect among the left-behind children were associated with family dysfunction(OR values of moderate and serious family dysfunctions compared to good family function were 1.628 and 2.341,respectively)and the rate of keeping in touch with parents(OR values of sometimes and seldom keeping in touch compared to regular in touch were 1.299 and 1.844,respectively).The starting age of being left-behind(OR values of starting age that being left-behind from 6 to 10 and ≤5 years relative to starting age of left-behind ≥11 years were 0.703 and 0.630,respectively)appeared to be the protection factor to the neglect of those left-behind children.Conclusion Our findings indicated that the status of neglect among the left-behind children was serious.Prevention programs on the issue should target on a number of factors,including the characteristics of the chldren them-selves,as well as on the family of the children.
ABSTRACT
El Maltrato Infantil ocupa el cuarto lugar en frecuencia de diagnósticos del total de consultas de la Unidad de Salud Mental según un estudio previo realizado en el Hospital General Pediátrico, y le siguen los trastornos del aprendizaje, del estado ánimo y conductuales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir las características epidemiológicas, los motivos de consultas más frecuentes y los diagnósticos asociados al maltrato infantil. Se revisaron 1356 fichas clínicas, período Julio 2001-Setiembre 2009. Correspondió al sexo Masculino (45%) Femenino (55%). El grupo de edades mas afectado estuvo entre los 4-14 años (56.5%), las víctimas procedían en su mayoría del Departamento Central (77%). La negligencia o abandono fue el tipo de maltrato más frecuente (51%), seguido del Abuso Sexual (18.3%). Las víctimas fueron maltratadas con mayor frecuencia por ambos padres (38%), padre (16%) y madre (14%); representando un total de (68%). Conocía al agresor en un (99%). Los casos fueron referidos en mayor porcentaje del Consultorio Externo (19%). Consultó por síntomas depresivos (26.8 %); mientras que (8%) por intentos de suicidio y (11, 3%) por violencia intrafamiliar. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes asociados al maltrato infantil fueron los trastornos depresivos (60.5%), seguido de trastornos del comportamiento y de la atención (7.7%). Se concluye que la presencia de trastornos depresivos o síntomas depresivos con o sin intento de suicidio deberían alertar al pediatra a la sospecha de maltrato infantil.
Child abuse is the fourth most commonly diagnosed condition for patients seen at the mental health unit according to a previous study done at the general pediatric hospital, following only learning, mood, and behavior disorders. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics, most frequent motives for consultation, and diagnoses associated with child abuse. We reviewed 1356 medical records covering the period of July 2001 to September 2009, of which 45% were for male and 55% for female patients. The most affected age group were those from ages 4-14 years (56.5%), with most victims (77%) being from the country's Central Department. Negligence or abandonment were the most common types of abuse (51%), followed by sexual abuse (18.3%). Victims were mistreated in a plurality of cases (38%) by both parents, by the father alone in 16% and by the mother alone in 14%, with these categories jointly making up 68% of the total cases. In 99% of cases the child knew the abuser. A plurality of cases (19%) were referred for treatment by the institution's own outpatient clinic. Of all cases examined, 26.8% consulted for symptoms of depression, while attempted suicide motivated 8% of consultations, and domestic violence 11.3%. Diagnoses most commonly associated with child abuse were depressive disorders (60.5%), followed by behavior or attention deficit disorders (7.7%). It is concluded that the presence of depressive disorders or symptoms with or without suicide attempts should alert the pediatrician to suspect child abuse.